Flat free tire

ABSTRACT

A self-sealing pneumatic tire having at least one cohesive sandwich radially inward of the pneumatic tire is provided. The at least cohesive sandwich may include a cohesive material under pressure, facilitating a recovery capacity upon being pierced by a sharp object, whereby the molecules of the cohesive material cohesively reattach, self-sealing any passageway or space created by the sharp object. The self-sealing pneumatic tire may also provide a loculated-diamond-section layer located radially inward of the outer cohesive sandwich, further supporting the self-sealing pneumatic tire. The external rubber tread are disposed along the circumference of the tire in some embodiments can be separate from the surface of the tire yet secured in place by attachments. Once fully utilized, this external rubber tread can be replaced by a new version without having to replace the entire tire.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims the benefit of priority by way of a Continuationof U.S. Non-provisional application Ser. No. 15/231,958, filed9-Aug.-2016, the contents of which are herein incorporated by reference.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to tires and, more particularly, to apneumatic radial tire that protects the pneumatic chamber with a novelarrangement of layers of predetermined materials so that the pneumaticradial tire is self-sealing and thus operable even when punctured.

The automobile industry for the most part has been around for over onehundred years. Since the inception of the first automobile, almost allaspects of the technology have gone through a great deal oftransformation. However, since the beginning, the tires have had thepredisposition to becoming injured as a result of penetration of a sharpobject such as a nail into their external walls, allowing the air toescape and rendering the tires flat, debilitating the vehicle. Theexperience and utilization in the last several decades has shown thatRadial Pneumatic Tires are generally great high performance tires for onroad and off-road vehicles; however they have a fearsome vulnerability,to becoming flat, in case they are punctured with a sharp object such asa nail. The last several decades have shown that radial pneumatic tiresare generally great high performance tires for on-road and off-roadvehicles, however they are rendered inoperable when punctured, such asby a nail. To overcome this problem, other inventions such as honey comband septum tires have been invented which are not pneumatic and thusreduce the performance of on-road vehicles, such as sports cars andother on-road utility everyday vehicles.

The honey comb and other septum type tires are not as light nor as highperformance as pneumatic tires because of their reliance on structuralmaterial in lieu of compressed air, making them a satisfactory optiononly for low speed off-road vehicles.

Current puncture resistant pneumatic tires are neither able to containair for any extended period of time once they are punctured, nor arethey able to be driven for any length of time once punctured.

Pneumatic tires are high performance for high speed vehicles but theyare very sensitive to damage due to puncture. The Flat Free Tire isself-sealing and can be driven for an extensive period of time, even ifit is punctured. The current best practices and the methodology of themanufacture of the pneumatic tire would need to be incorporated into thedesign that we have proposed. In other words, we do not wish in any wayto propose a modification to the best practices, methodologies ormanufacturing processes and procedures of pneumatic tires. We simplyhave proposed several features that can render the pneumatic tireflat-free once fully incorporated into the operational designs at hand.

The side walls of most of the tires are soft and not sturdy or strongenough to tolerate the weight of the vehicle once the air pressure hasdrastically diminished as a result of a puncture. However, in theFlat-Free Tires, the side walls would be manufactured in such way totolerate the weight of the vehicle, even if it is rendered devoid of airpressure.

As can be seen, there is a need for a pneumatic radial tire thatprotects the pneumatic chamber with a novel arrangement of layers ofpredetermined materials so that the pneumatic radial tire isself-sealing and thus operable even when punctured, and so maintainingits high performance traits, hence the Flat Free Tires.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

In one aspect of the present invention, a self-sealing pneumatic radialtire includes a pneumatic tire having an outer circumference and aninner pneumatic chamber; and a first cohesive sandwich disposed betweenthe outer circumference and the inner pneumatic chamber, wherein thefirst cohesive sandwich comprises a first cohesive material underpressure.

In another aspect of the present invention, the self-sealing pneumaticradial tire includes a pneumatic tire having an outer circumference andan inner pneumatic chamber; a first cohesive sandwich disposed betweenthe outer circumference and the inner pneumatic chamber, wherein thefirst cohesive sandwich comprises a first cohesive material underpressure; a diamond layer disposed between the first cohesive sandwichand the inner pneumatic chamber, wherein the double-diamond layer isformed from adjacent hollow blocks, each hollow block having a radiallyoutward periphery greater than a radially inward periphery; a secondcohesive sandwich disposed between the diamond layer and the innerpneumatic chamber, wherein the second cohesive sandwich comprises asecond cohesive material under pressure, wherein each cohesive materialis highly cohesive silicone gel-within a rubber bilayer; a plurality ofspaced apart vertical septums extending from the second cohesivesandwich through the inner pneumatic chamber, defining a plurality ofpartitions of said inner pneumatic chamber, wherein each vertical septumprovides a through hole, pneumatically connecting adjacent partitions ofsaid inner pneumatic chamber; and at least one sagittal support septumspanning between adjacent partitions of said inner pneumatic chamber.

These and other features, aspects and advantages of the presentinvention will become better understood with reference to the followingdrawings, description and claims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a section view of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 2 is a section view of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention;

FIG. 3 is an enlarged section view of an exemplary embodiment of thepresent invention;

FIG. 4 is a section view of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention, taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 2;

FIG. 5 is a section view of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention; and

FIG. 6 is a flow chart of an exemplary embodiment of the presentinvention.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The following detailed description is of the best currently contemplatedmodes of carrying out exemplary embodiments of the invention. Thedescription is not to be taken in a limiting sense, but is made merelyfor the purpose of illustrating the general principles of the invention,since the scope of the invention is best defined by the appended claims.

Broadly, an embodiment of the present invention provides a self-sealingpneumatic tire providing at least one cohesive sandwich radially inwardof the pneumatic tire. The at least cohesive sandwich may include acohesive material under pressure, facilitating a recovery capacity uponbeing pierced by a sharp object, whereby the molecules of the cohesivematerial cohesively reattach, self-sealing any passageway or spacecreated by the sharp object. The self-sealing pneumatic tire may alsoprovide a loculated-diamond-section layer located radially inward of theouter cohesive sandwich, further supporting the self-sealing pneumatictire.

Referring to FIGS. 1 through 5, the present invention may include a flatfree tire 10 providing an outer cohesive sandwich 12, a diamond layer14, an inner cohesive sandwich 16, a plurality of vertical septums 18,an inner pneumatic chamber 20, an external rubber tread 22, and asagittal support septum 24.

The outer cohesive sandwich 12 is located radially inward of the tire10. The outer cohesive sandwich 12 may provide three layered elements:two opposing rubber-metal mesh walls (rubber walls) sandwiching acohesive material. The cohesive material may be a highly cohesivesilicone gel or other highly cohesive gel material that self seals oncepenetrated by a sharp object. The two opposing rubber walls may sandwichthe cohesive material so that the cohesive material is under pressure.The thickness of the cohesive material may vary depending the variousutilizations and necessities of the particular tire. The outer rubberwalls of the tire 10 may be made of a few millimeters of heavy dutyrubber encasing metal mesh material.

The diamond layer 14 may be located radially inward of the outercohesive sandwich 12. The diamond layer 14 may form aloculated-diamond-section layer having a radial thickness ofapproximately about 2-3 inches or more, depending on the thickness ofthe flat free tire 10, as well as the size and the utilization of theflat free tire 10. The diamond layer 14 may be formed of diamond shapedrubber-mesh-metal-reinforced-blocks, which are empty inside but areattached to each other creating a circular homogeneous body extendingfrom below the outer cohesive sandwich 12 layer all the way toward, incertain embodiments, the inner cohesive sandwich 16 layer. The blocksmay be defined by a saw-tooth shapes, as illustrated in FIG. 2.Furthermore, said reinforced blocks may be also designed in such waythat they are larger on the radially outward periphery, extendingdownwardly to a smaller radially inward periphery, protecting the inneraspect (pneumatic chamber 20) of the outer-wall of the flat free tire10, from puncture by a sharp object, such as a nail. The diamond layermay be a bilayer or multilayer, the diamonds placed adjacent in twolayers or more.

In certain embodiments, the inner cohesive sandwich 16 layer may beprovided, depending on the utilization of the flat free tire 10 and itspotential susceptibility to puncture. The inner cohesive sandwich 16layer may be disposed immediately and radially below the diamond layer14. The inner cohesive sandwich may be made up of three layeredelements: two opposing rubber-metal mesh walls (rubber walls)sandwiching a cohesive material. The cohesive material may be a highlycohesive silicone gel. The two opposing rubber walls may sandwich thecohesive material so that the cohesive material is under pressure. Thetwo opposing outer rubber walls may be made of a few millimeters ofheavy duty rubber encasing metal mesh material.

In certain embodiments, the plurality of vertical septums 18 may extendradially from the inner cohesive sandwich 16, through the innerpneumatic chamber 20, partitioning said inner pneumatic chamber 20 intoa plurality of air-filled compartments, as illustrated in FIG. 5. Incertain embodiments, the vertical septums 18 extend from the innercohesive sandwich to another portion of the pneumatic chamber 20 (notshown), or the inner aspect of the metal rim. The plurality of verticalseptums 18 may be spaced apart for compressively reinforcing the layersof the present invention, while each septum 18 provides a relativelylarge through hole, facilitating compressed air to pass there through.The vertical septums 18 are thicker at their insertion to the distalportions where they interface with the inner cohesive sandwich 16layers. Such distal portions may be thick and curved where they couldpotentially come in contact with the inside aspect of the metal rim. Theouter legs of the vertical septum 18 may be made of soft rubber seats toprevent injury to the rim. In certain embodiments, a plurality ofsagittal supports 24 may be provided spanning between adjacent verticalseptums 18, as illustrated in FIG. 5, thereby laterally reinforcing saidseptums 18. In the process of manufacturing the flat free tire 10, thepneumatic radial tire 10 may be engineered by the decision of therespective manufacturer, in a method similar to any other pneumatic tirethey produce. Specifically, the outer wall of the inner pneumaticchamber 20 is reinforced with metal rubber mesh on its outside.Otherwise this inner pneumatic chamber 20 is similar in nature to whatthe current tires are like as far as being the portion that actually isinflated with high-pressured air injection. However, to eliminate thepossibility of the tire from becoming flat, the following proposeddesign is incorporated into the process of manufacturing of the tire.

The external rubber tread 22 are disposed along the circumference of thetire 10 and may be made up of commercial tire rubber material withdistinctive threads that demonstrate its unique brand and appearance aswell as its high performance nature. The external tread 22 can in someembodiments be separate from the surface of the tire yet secured inplace by attachments. Once fully utilized, this external rubber tread 22can be replaced by a new version without having to replace the entiretire. This will both save money for the owner of the tire, but also savethe natural resources of the planet while adding a profit center to thetire manufacturer.

When a sharp object, such as a nail, penetrates through outer cohesivesandwich 12 layer of the tire 10, whether the nail falls off or staysin, the molecules of the cohesive material, which are under pressure,will cohesively reattach to each other, preventing leakage of air fromthe inner pneumatic chamber 20. Additionally, in certain embodiments,the diamond layer 14 may add radial thickness totaling up to 3-inch ormore of space so that a nail/object less than the three inches long ormore will not penetrate through to the inner pneumatic chamber 20. Sincethe diamond layer 14 would be most likely still intact, there would beno disruption of the pneumatic chamber walls, so no air would escapethere from. However, if the nail/object is long enough to penetratethrough the inner cohesive sandwich 16 it 16 will also self-seal in asimilar fashion to the outer cohesive sandwich 12. Finally, theplurality of vertical septums 18 would further support the weight of thevehicle even if all the air has escaped out of the pneumatic chamber 20due to a puncture.

Additionally, it is noteworthy that the lateral walls and medial wallsof the tire are protected by the long diamond chambers/blocks of thediamond layer 14 disposed along the inner walls of the lateral andmedial wall separating the pneumatic chamber 20 from the outsideenvironment, further adding to the level of protection against nails andother sharp objects.

The flat free tire 10 may be made through a unitary process and notmultiple stages. The layers from the outside-in may be pressure moldedfrom melted materials around a metal mesh frame structure.Alternatively, the flat free tire 10 may be made from additivemanufacturing.

A method of using the present invention includes the following:providing the flat free tire 10 disclosed above. A user would utilizethe flat free tire 10, dimensioned and adapted based on the intendeduse, size of wheel, and associated vehicle. The flat free tire 10 wouldbe utilized much like other conventional radial pneumatic tires and itfunctions almost the same except it will not go flat.

Additionally, although the present invention is mainly designed forpassenger vehicles and automobiles, they can be modified for use in alltypes of transportation wheels and function as tires for airplanes,hovercrafts, tanks, army vehicles, tractors, trucks, bulldozers,motorcycles, bicycles, and etc. Also, the present invention can bemodified to create playing balls, exercise balls, physical therapydevices and many other devices that can hold air in an inner chamberunder pressure and still remain flexible.

Moreover, the cohesive sandwich layers could be used in keeping a gasinside any space that is filled with said gas.

Advantages of the Present Invention

The present invention may be utilized as any other pneumatic radial tirewould be. It may be a bit heavier and the pneumatic inner chamber may bea bit smaller but the installation of the tire is identical to any otherradial pneumatic tire and it functions almost the same except it willnot go flat.

The flat free tire 10 protects the pneumatic chamber with severaladditional layers and also has optional multiple vertical septums,supported by sagittal support septums that can allow the flat-free tire10 still to be driven even though it is rendered punctured by a sharpobject. The external condensed rubber/metal mesh layer which is theexternal walls and the entire material of the tire may be made of asolid condensed rubber with metal mesh inside the walls for enduranceand weight bearing. The external thread layer may be separated from theair filled chamber by three additional or more layers. The flat freetire 10 makes the horror of suffering a flat tire in a dark, cold,dangerous road a thing of the past, utilizing the combination of atleast four protective layers (main four distinctive layers):

-   -   1) External-Highly Cohesive-Silicone-Trilayer-Sandwich    -   2) Loculated-Diamond-Bilayer    -   3) Inner-Highly Cohesive-Silicone-Trilayer-Sandwich    -   4) Vertical & Transverse Septums        Layer 1 may be the most essential layer. Layers 2-4 may be        optional depending on the utility of the tire and its potential        possibility and the risk of puncture by sharp objects.

The flat-free tire 10 is intended to solve the flat-tire problem andprovide a platform for the new generation of advancements in thecreation of Flat-Free High-Performance technology.

The Material/Construction/Manufacture

The rubber material of the flat free tire is made up of a solidhighly-cohesive, rubber material similar to the best materials currentlyutilized in the top high-performance models of tires available in themarket. In certain parts of the product, the tire has metal mesh andhighly-cohesive-silicone-gel utilized in a strategic manner, renderingit more reliable, flat-free and capable of higher performance.

Specific Components: 10: The Outer Tire:

The condensed rubber/metal mesh external layer--thick-outer layer madeup of commercial tire rubber material with distinctive threads thatdemonstrate its unique brand and appearance as well as its highperformance nature. The outer-wall of the tire along all surfaces ismade up of condensed solid rubber with metal mesh framing. The metalmesh framing with the solid condensed rubber construction gives the tirethe strong, high performance durability associated with this tireconstruction. The outer threads of the tire are designed in such waythat they fit the specific utilization and criteria for the vehicle. Forexample, they can be designed with sport thread for sport cars and foroff-road design for the sport-utility or commercial use. The outer layeris made of rubber and metal mesh.

The design of the product has several distinctive, uniquecharacterizations that sets it apart and makes this product the bestavailable in terms of performance, durability and design much above itsother competitors today. In the loculated-diamond-bilayer tire there areseveral constructively-designed-layers that make the technology unique.The layers from the outside-in are as follows:

12) Outer Silicone Sandwich:

Immediately below the external rubber thread layer of the tire, there isa three layered flattened rubber-highly cohesive silicone gel-rubber; asandwich-trilayer, made of an inner and outer heavy duty few millimetersthick solid-sandwich-rubber-metal-mesh-layer, while the inside spacebetween the two outer and inner sandwich walls is filled with a fewmillimeters thick-commercial grade highly-cohesive silicone-gel-layer.The molecules of this highly cohesive silicone gel layer are underpressure between the two rubber layers, and due to their chemicalcomposition have very high cohesive forces, reattaching with each otherin case the layer is stabbed with a sharp object such as a nail or evena knife, preventing the escape of any air from the inner pneumaticchamber. I call this rubber-silicone-rubber layer, pneumatic chamberprotector which wraps around outer wall of the tire. This layer isextended bilaterally to protect the walls of the tire, in additional tothe contact surface, as well.

14) The Diamond Layer (Optional):

The loculated-diamond-bilayer-section which encompasses a ratio ofapproximately ⅓ (about 1-3 inches or more, depending on the thickness ofthe tire, as well as the size and the utilization of the tire) of theheight of the remainder of the outer layer of the tire. Theloculated-diamond-section is made-up of diamond shapedrubber-mesh-metal-reinforced-blocks which are hollow inside but areattached to each other creating a circular homogeneous body extendingfrom below the pneumatic chamber protector layer all the way toward theinner layer. One layer is vacuum filled diamond shaped thick walledrubber catacombs, in an opposing-diamond-bilayer that are placed in rowsnext to each other along the periphery of the tire with the height ofabout 1-3 inches. These Loculated-Diamond-Section-Blocks may be alsodesigned in such way that they are larger on the periphery, extendingdown wards, protecting the inner aspect of the outer-wall of the tire,protecting the tire from injury as a result of sharp penetration.

16) Inner Silicone Sandwich (Optional):

There preferably could be an additional (could be deemed optional incertain tire types) layer of pneumatic chamber protector(rubber-silicone-rubber sandwich trilayer) depending on the utilizationof the tire and its potential susceptibility to puncture. If present,this layer can be extended bilaterally to protect the walls of the tireas an additional reinforcement.

18) Vertical Septum Layer (Optional):

This is another optional layer made up of vertical-heavyduty-rubber-metal-mesh-sandwich-layer-reinforcing the bilateral rubberlayers with a relatively large hole through the vertical septum for thecompressed air to pass through it. The septums are thicker at theirinsertion to the outside of the inner layers and are also thick andcurved where they could potentially come in contact with the insideaspect of the metal rim. The outer legs of the vertical septum are madeof soft rubber seats to prevent injury to the rim.

20) Inner Pneumatic Chamber:

The outer wall of the pneumatic chamber may be reinforced with metalrubber mesh on its outside. Otherwise this chamber is similar in natureto what the current tires are like as far as being the portion thatactually is inflated with high-pressured air injection.

24) Sagittal Support Septums (optional)

These go between the vertical (coronal) septums and are there to furtherreinforce the stability and weight-bearing-tolerance of the verticalseptums.

While the above is the general distinction of “flat-free tires” class oftire technology, numerous verifications and modifications can be madeavailable to better suit the needs of each group of consumers. Forexample; for “off-road” use, all the four main distinctive layers may beincluded in the tire construction and all layers including thediamond-layer could be reinforced more radically with thicker rubber andmetal mesh material. On the other hand, for example, for“high-speed-sports-performance”, where the weight of the tire is ofimmense importance, we would be able to exclude one or more of theoriginal main four distinctive layers, making sure the tire-threads andtire-width support the high-speed turns and are most effective in themaintenance of the center-of gravity.

How the Flat-Free Tire Works:

When a nail enters the tire, it will most likely not be able topenetrate through all of the external layers, in order to get to thepneumatic chamber. The condensed rubber/metal mesh external layer, plusthe external-highly cohesive-silicone-trilayer-sandwich,loculated-diamond-bilayer and inner-highlycohesive-silicone-trilayer-sandwich would create an impenetrableprotection against most nails and other typical sharps that renderpneumatic tires flat. Additionally, the Diamond bilayer adds at least anadditional 2-3 inch space between the outside wall of the tire and thepneumatic chamber, which means most nails that are likely to be shorterthan the three inches long will not penetrate through the second layerof the silicone sandwich layer.

Even if the nail is able to penetrate the Protective Layers, the naileither falls off or the nail stays in the tire. Either way, themolecules of the highly cohesive silicone gel which are under pressurewill cohesively reattach to each other, preventing the leakage of airfrom the pneumatic chamber of the tire. Since this layer would be mostlikely still intact, there would be no disruption of the pneumatic wallof the tire, so no air would escape anyways. However, if the nail islong enough to penetrate through the second, internal silicone sandwichlayer, it will also self-seal as the outer silicone sandwich layerwould. Finally, the vertical and sagittal septums as described wouldfurther support the weight of the vehicle even if all the air hasescaped out of the pneumatic chamber due to a puncture. Additionally, itis noteworthy that the lateral walls and medial walls of the tire areprotected by the long diamond chambers that are along the inner walls ofthe lateral and medial wall separating the pneumatic chamber from theoutside environment, further adding to the level of protection againstnails and other sharp objects.

How the Flat-Free Tire is Manufactured:

This class of tire can be modified by the engineers based on theintended use of the tires and their specific vulnerabilities. How thickeach layer is designed to be, which layers are included, of whatspecific materials each layer is made of, and how far each layer extendsdepends on the specific design of the tire and its intended use. Thecreation and manufacturing process of this type of tire is to be plannedby the engineers and dye makers. The present invention may be created bya manufacturing machine that can make all the layers from rubber bypressure molding melted rubber around a metal mesh frame structure;followed by the injection of the highly cohesive silicone gel in theappropriately planned areas. The engineering aspects of the process areto be designed by the manufacturing company's specific preferences.

However, the particular additional components proposed in the flat freetire 10 design are incorporated into the structure of the tire mostlythrough the standard pneumatic radial processes and related machinery.

The tire is usually an assembly of numerous components that are built upon a drum and then cured in a press under heat and pressure. Heatfacilitates a polymerization reaction that crosslinks rubber monomers tocreate long elastic molecules. These polymers create the elastic qualitythat permits the tire to be compressed in the area where the tirecontacts the road surface and spring back to its original shape underhigh-frequency cycles. Typical components used in tire assembly arelisted below: inner liner, body ply, sidewall, beads, apex, and tread,which are built is the process of assembling all the components onto atire building drum through stages. In certain embodiments, tire buildingoperations include the first-stage operation, where inner liner, bodyplies, and sidewalls are wrapped around the drum, the beads are placed,and the assembly turned up over the bead. In the second stage operationthe belt package and tread are applied and the green tire is inflatedand shaped.

In the flat free tires, the method of making may conform to theconventional methods, though the sidewalls are reinforced with rubberand metal mesh to reduce the collapse-ability of the tire in case thepneumatic chamber is penetrated and air escapes. In the models that dopossess the diamond bilayer, the diamond shaped triangles on theperiphery of the tire, supporting the sidewalls, will help keep thesidewalls from collapsing even if no air is left in the pneumaticchamber of the tire. The external rubber tread 22 are disposed along thecircumference of the tire 10 and may be made up of commercial tirerubber material with distinctive threads that demonstrate its uniquebrand and appearance as well as its high performance nature. Theexternal tread 22 can in some embodiments be separate from the surfaceof the tire yet secured in place by attachments. Once fully utilized,this external rubber tread 22 can be replaced by a new version withouthaving to replace the entire tire. This will both save money for theowner of the tire, but also save the natural resources of the planetwhile adding a profit center to the tire manufacturer.

It should be understood, of course, that the foregoing relates toexemplary embodiments of the invention and that modifications may bemade without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as setforth in the following claims.

What is claimed is:
 1. A device, comprising: a pneumatic tire having anouter circumference and an inner pneumatic chamber; and a first cohesivesandwich disposed between the outer circumference and the innerpneumatic chamber, wherein the first cohesive sandwich comprises a firstcohesive material under pressure.
 2. The device of claim 1, wherein thefirst cohesive sandwich is adjacent to and radially inward of thepneumatic tire.
 3. The device of claim 1, further comprising a secondcohesive sandwich disposed between the first cohesive sandwich and theinner pneumatic chamber, wherein the second cohesive sandwich comprisesa second cohesive material under pressure.
 4. The device of claim 3,further comprising a plurality of spaced apart vertical septumsextending from the second cohesive sandwich through the inner pneumaticchamber, defining a plurality of partitions of said inner pneumaticchamber.
 5. The device of claim 4, wherein each vertical septum providesa through hole, pneumatically connecting adjacent partitions of saidinner pneumatic chamber.
 6. The device of claim 4, further comprising atleast one sagittal support septum spanning between adjacent partitionsof said inner pneumatic chamber.
 7. The device of claim 1, wherein thefirst cohesive material is a highly cohesive silicone gel-rubber layer.8. A device, comprising: a pneumatic tire having an outer circumferenceand an inner pneumatic chamber; a first cohesive sandwich disposedbetween the outer circumference and the inner pneumatic chamber, whereinthe first cohesive sandwich comprises a first cohesive material underpressure; and a diamond layer disposed between the first cohesivesandwich and the inner pneumatic chamber, wherein the diamond layer isformed from adjacent hollow blocks, each hollow block having a radiallyoutward periphery greater than a radially inward periphery.